Prostatitis is a disease, which is based on an inflammatory lesion of the tissue of the prostate gland (prostate), manifested by a variety of symptoms. The disease is observed only in a strong half of the population due to the fact that the prostate is located only in the male body.
Etiology (causes) of inflammation
There are many factors leading to the development of the disease. The most common of them are:
- The presence of a focus of infection in the body (tonsillitis, tonsillitis, bronchitis, gonorrhea, tuberculosis, etc. )
- Trauma to the external genitalia.
- Damage to the soft tissues of the pelvic area.
- Frequent hypothermia of the body.
- Weak level of physical activity.
- Urinary retention.
- Stagnation of the seminal secretion, due to the presence of an irregular sexual life.
- Overweight.
- Sedentary lifestyle.
- Chronic inflammatory processes in the organs of the genitourinary system (pyelonephritis, urethritis, orchitis, cystitis, epididymitis)
- Hormonal imbalance.
- Disorders of the intestine, manifested by a violation of the passage of food (constipation, diarrhea)
- The presence of an inflammatory process in the rectum (proctitis, anal fissure, hemorrhoids, paraproctitis)
- Presence of a history of sexually transmitted diseases.
- Stress.
- Smoking.
- Alcohol abuse.
- Avitaminosis.
- Overwork.
- Violent sexual activity.
- Immunodeficiency.
causative agents of the disease
The most common microorganisms that cause the development of inflammation in the prostate gland are the following:
- Escherichia coli (about 80%)
- Serratia Pseudomonas.
- Klebsiella Pseudomonas.
- Proteus Pseudomonas.
- enterococcus.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
Classifications of pathological processes
In medicine, several classifications have been adopted that describe the course of infection in the prostate gland.
Clinical-pathomorphological-etiological classification:
- Acute prostatitis.
- Prostate abscess.
- Prostatism.
- Chronic prostatitis.
- Granulomatous inflammation of the prostate.
- Congestive prostatitis.
- Sclerosis of the prostate.
- Prostatorrhea.
- Atypical forms of chronic prostatitis.
- Neurovegetative prostatopathy.
Also, the described disease is differentiated by classes:
- Grade 1 - acute prostatitis.
- Grade 2 - chronic bacterial prostatitis.
- Grade 3 a - chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome with signs of inflammation.
- Grade 3 b - chronic prostatitis / chronic pelvic pain syndrome without signs of inflammation.
- Grade 4 - asymptomatic chronic prostatitis.
Types and forms of the disease
Based on the above classifications, it can be determined that the main types of prostatitis are:
- Spicy.
- Chronic.
Acute inflammatory process, depending on the degree of damage to the prostate tissue, is divided into several forms:
- Catarrhal.
- Follicular.
- Parenchymal (diffuse).
The catarrhal form is characterized by a slight, superficial inflammatory process that affects the acini of the prostate gland. Because of this, the patency of the excretory ducts of the latter is disturbed. This leads to the accumulation of secretion inside the prostate. The prostate gland increases in size and becomes edematous.
The follicular form of acute prostatitis is the next stage in the development of the pathological process. As a result, individual lobules of the prostate are affected, and purulent contents are formed in them.
In the parenchymal form, inflammation covers the entire tissue of the prostate gland. It becomes edematous and very painful. Against the background of parenchymal prostatitis, an abscess of the prostate gland may form.
Clearly expressed forms of chronic pathology are not currently found in the medical literature.
Stages of the disease
Despite the fact that there are no pronounced forms in the course of the chronic process, this pathology is divided into several stages.
The first is the stage of alternative changes. It is manifested by a slight effect of inflammation on the prostate tissue. If treatment is started in a timely manner (at this stage), then the disease stops very quickly. As a rule, relapses of the disease are not observed.
If the patient does not receive treatment, then the stage of proliferative changes begins. During it, prostate tissue grows in order to suppress inflammation. Later comes the third stage - fibrosclerotic changes.
There is a lot of tissue growth, and it replaces healthy cells. But the resulting tissue does not have the same properties as healthy prostate tissue. Because of this, a person begins to relapse the disease, and it acquires a long course.
Symptoms
Acute pathology is manifested by the following clinical symptoms:
- An increase in body temperature up to 38 - 40 ° C.
- Deterioration of the general condition.
- Chills.
- Pain above the womb, in the perineum, anus, glans penis.
- Unpleasant sensations during urination and / or defecation.
- Delayed stool, gas.
- Increased urge to urinate.
- Urinary retention.
- Increased excitability.
Chronic prostatitis is characterized by the following symptoms:
- Discomfort in the lower abdomen.
- Erectile dysfunction.
- Irritability.
- Whitish discharge from the penis.
- Increasing the duration of sexual intercourse.
- Weakening of the urine stream.
- Incomplete emptying of the bladder.
Complications of the pathological process
In the absence of a timely start or an inadequate course of treatment, the development of acute pathology can have different directions.
In the first case, acute inflammation of the prostate gland flows into a chronic process. The latter is characterized by a change in periods of exacerbations and remissions. It is very difficult to cure chronic prostatitis, as a rule, you will have to come to terms with it and be ready for the next exacerbation.
If the inflammatory process develops very rapidly, then it can lead to the formation of an abscess of the prostate. In other words, a large abscess is formed in the prostate tissue. The most common treatment for a prostate abscess is surgery.
Bacteria from the lesion can enter the bloodstream, since the prostate gland is very well supplied with blood. If this happens, a very formidable complication is revealed in a person - sepsis. It is very difficult to defeat sepsis, therefore, the percentage of death, in the presence of this disease, is very high.
Untreated disease can lead to the development of male infertility due to the fact that seminal vesicles are located next to the prostate. Also, the gland is closely related to the testicles, in which the formation of spermatozoa occurs.
Inflammation of the prostate can lead to narrowing of the urethra. Due to the fit of the latter to the urethra, inflammation from the prostate can spread to the urethra. This leads to the formation of scar tissue in the urethra and a decrease in its diameter.
In addition to spreading the inflammatory process to the urethra, it can spread to the bladder. So the patient may experience recurrent (recurring) cystitis. If there is a throw of infected urine from the bladder back into the kidney, then this leads to the development of pyelonephritis.
Treatment of the disease
It is worth paying close attention to the fact that therapy for prostatitis must be comprehensive. In the treatment of acute prostatitis requires adherence to the following points:
- The fight against the inflammatory process in the prostate is impossible without the appointment of antibacterial drugs. The attending physician must determine the causative agent of the disease and prescribe a drug to destroy it. It is better when the doctor prescribes taking several antibiotics at the same time.
- Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. They have a good analgesic effect and reduce inflammation. These drugs are recommended to be taken not only in the form of tablets, but also in the form of suppositories for rectal use.
- In severe general condition or elevated body temperature, detoxification therapy can be performed.
- When diagnosing a prostate abscess in a patient, surgical intervention is necessary.
In order to recover from chronic inflammation in the prostate gland, the following is necessary:
- Prostate massage (performed only by a urologist)
- Drugs that improve metabolism in the prostate.
- Taking NSAIDs.
- Immunomodulatory drugs.
- Physiotherapy.
- Sedative drugs.